Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, a Shared Faith Assignment

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, a Shared Faith - Assignment Example If not for lesser details of greater complications, these religions would be precisely the same. What a unified body of worshippers that would make! But there are discrepancies even among fellow believers. This paper is not about these discrepancies, but about the relative philosophies among believers of these three separate yet united religions. Judaism, Christianity and Islam have been intertwined throughout history by the certain commonality they share in theology, all three are monotheistic (believing in one God) and conceive God to be the Creator and also the source of moral law. The same figures, histories and places are prevalent in each, although they are frequently presented with different roles, perspectives and meanings. 54% of the world’s population consider themselves of the Abrahamic religion. These religions share the collective belief that Adam was the first man created and ancestor of all human beings, Abraham is a prophet and the Torah (which is comprised of the first five books of the old-testament) as being a revelation of God. The holy scripture Jews read is called the Tanach, which is the Torah. Christians study The Holy Bible, both the old and new testaments. And the Muslims follow the Quar’an. All three of these works cover the first 5 old testaments, and the lessons of such prophets as Abraham, Isaac, Ishmael, Noah, and the list goes on. The fact these religions are monotheistic is the most significant unity between them. In Judaism and Islam, the monotheism of God is absolute including of God’s essence. In Christianity there is a doctrine titled Trinity which says that God exists as 3 persons: Father, Son and Holy Spirit united in one being. Christians believe Jesus is God, Jews and Muslims deny this stating that God is too powerful to be reduced to a man that has such needs as eating and sleeping, and who could be beaten, and experience death as Jesus did. They attest that no savior is needed or available as an in termediary for us. Islam regards Jesus not as God, but only a human being that became a magnificent messenger of God, and was God’s word brought to Earth. Jews not only deny Jesus as God but as a prophet as well believing the true messiah the word promises has not come yet, but will arrive at a future place in time. Just as Jews refuse Jesus, so too do many Jews and Christians refuse Muhammad, a prophet singular to Islam religion, visited by the angel Gabriel who brought the final message of God to Earth. Christians share with Muslims the belief in the second coming of Jesus, yet they are split in this joint notion as Christians believe this will be the time of rapture and the final judgment day and Muslims believe Jesus coming will be only to kill the false messiah and restore God’s people once again leading them through this treacherous time. Jesus will rule and then die forty years after leaving behind him a world cleaned and restored to true religion, the religion of Islam. Aside from monotheism, some other mutual views of God these religions hold are that God will reward the good and punish the wicked, God knows the thoughts and deeds of men, the dead will be resurrected, and a personal relationship with God is within everyone’s grasp. We can return to God always through repentance, perfection is not expected of His creation. Following God’s commandments in this physical world connects us to God spiritually and our mission on Earth is to proclaim the glory of God and His existence everywhere. All three religions maintain that life is a test and we will all be judged by God after death since He

Use of Computer based Technology in Engineering Design Assignment

Use of Computer based Technology in Engineering Design - Assignment Example Use of Computer based Technology in Engineering Design Many software applications have been developed to help engineers in this course of design. The most utilised software is AutoCAD. It is an application capable of achieving 2D and 3D designs. The founders of AutoCAD made a decision to code it using C programming language. That is the main reason why AutoCAD is able to support object customization through C++ Application Programming Interface (API). The design tool has a set of basic modelling tools for solids in 2D and 3D orientations. Earlier versions of the design tool made use of lines, arcs, circles and polylines while modern tools have additional functionalities like mental ray engine. The modern design tool has made quality designs achievable. The design is done on a space with provision of user interface aid standards. The standard tool bar is at the top, it lists label from left to right. The designer uses the menu bar; tool sets palette and command line at the bottom to access the very many available objects and commands. By clicking on them the cursor changes to the object of interest. The drawing space displays an XY axis of a rectangular. This is a coordinate system (UCS). Before starting a design, select units for the line and angle of the drawing (Gindis). The CAD tool allows the designer to draw, format, edit, save and retrieve drawing. Like all the other applications, to save a drawing click FILE then proceed to save. To retrieve, click on FILE and proceed to open an existing drawing. The software allows importing of objects from other external sources so ling as they are of compatible formats. Ones a drawing has been imported, editing can be done and even saving of changes made. AutoCAD has calculation functionalities that ensure engineers use the shortest time possible to complete a given project. The application provides the Cam Generator and the Beam Calculation at your disposal. The Cam generator allows plate and cylindrical cam creations. It performs the calculations of velocity and acceler ation. In addition to calculations, the design tool plots cam path. Mechanical engineering has almost the trickiest design set where designs need be of utmost accuracy. The tool offers shaft calculations including deflection lines, bending moment, torsion moment, supporting force, torque rotational angle, equivalent tension and other safety factors. Mechanical designs require perfect fit and that is why the screw pre-calculation tool comes in handy. Other calculation tools include Bearing and screw calculations. With this tools functionalities like stress points, load and line loadings can be analysed with ease (Gindis). Functionalities of Integrated circuit design are available within the software standards. The library has a number of the components that make up integrated circuits and standard integrated circuit that have been made. By selecting the components, the designer is able to create a complete circuit that follows electrical engineering standards of design. The CAD softw are allows the designer to simulate and check the performance of the circuit. The simulation tool can plot graphs of the various parameters as the designer may see fit. This is performed for both AC, DC and transient analysis. Capturing a schematic design is of importance to electrical engineers when using the electronic design automation tool. Electronic circuit design can also become a complex idea to undertake; especially in the design of integrated circuits. For this reason CAD software, have schematic editors. AutoCAD electrical has

Becoming a Successful Entrepreneur is dependent on a good Business

Becoming a Successful Entrepreneur is dependent on a good Business One who undertakes an enterprise-acting as intermediary between capital and labor. -Oxford English Dictionary Introduction Becoming a successful entrepreneur doesnt happen by accident or by chance. It is a long process that involves various strategies, characteristics and quality of person who wants to become a successful entrepreneur. Madan Paliwal who is a successful entrepreneur in his state, says Becoming a successful entrepreneur is not an easy task! There are certain qualities and strategies that are absolutely necessary if you would like to become successful in your business ventures. Madan Paliwals example shows that how some characteristics, qualities and strategies support to becoming a successful entrepreneur. He strongly believes in quality rather than quantities. According to Sharma (2009), It is essential to follow some strategies for the growth and strongly development of business. An entrepreneur organizes different types of industries right from inception has different approaches and call for an in-depth knowledge base. The importance is the entrepreneur starts and operates his own new b usiness. characteristic of An Entrepreneur Kant (2000), All the entrepreneur were men of discipline, high integrity and with strong need for achievement. In India Mr. Madan Paliwal CMD of Miraj Group of Industries has following characteristics and qualities which is important: Initiative: Mr. Madan Paliwal used resources and plan for his business. He started his business with Rs. 200 (Â £3) capital. Now Miraj Group of Companies capital cross Rs. 1000 Crore (Â £15000000). The following companies in Miraj Group of Companies: Miraj Products Pvt. Ltd., Miraj multicolor, Miraj pipe fittings, Miraj Hotels, Miraj Engineering, Eye view motion pictures, Miraj developers, Miraj realcon, Asia packs. (Group profile of miraj group) Miraj groups consumer products are tobacco, tea, soap, matches, plastic, stationary, pipes etc. Therefore we can say the entrepreneur should be initiative to use the available resources and plan for all those who are involved in an enterprise. Goal: An entrepreneur should be able to set realistic but challenging goals for himself as well as for others in the organization. At the time of beginning Madan Paliwal had clear goal and he has achieved maximum goal. Involvement for long time: Madan Paliwal started his business on 18th August 1987. He continues involve in his business. Hence commitment from the entrepreneur for longer period may be 5 to 15 years is necessary for conceptualization, building and running an enterprise. Capacity for problem solving: In the initial phases of an enterprise many teething problems may happen and an entrepreneur should be a creative problem solver to turn difficulties into advantages. Madan Paliwals life is full of struggle. He solved many problems in his business. Good team leader and motivator: An entrepreneur builds up his team; he should educate them, keep them on high level of motivation and also provide an environment for creativity and good work culture. Madan Paliwal started his business as a single person but now a days 1000 employees in his companies. Energetic: Managing resources and running an enterprise calls for long hours of work for longer period of time and hence an entrepreneur is a man of high energy level. Madan Paliwal works 15-16 Hrs. daily. According to him -A labour is also do hard work daily in his life but he earns only 100-200 Rs. per day, hence entrepreneur do work hard in right way. ( Paliwal, 2008) Good communication skills: As a leader an entrepreneur communicates effectively with all concerned such as financiers, employees, customers, suppliers and all who are concerned with the new enterprise. Madan Paliwal is also good communicator. Mental ability: Madan Paliwal born at Nathdwara, A small town in Rajasthan (India). He started small scale industries (Miraj industries), now it is converted into Miraj Products Pvt. Ltd. Sharma (2009) An entrepreneur will be a man of high level intelligence, creative, positive thinking and decision maker with clear objectives in mind. Good Human relation: Tactful and warm human relation is an important factor which brings success to an entrepreneur. Emotional stability and keeping himself as a model to others. Motivates the employees to put their best performance at all levels in the organization. Madan Paliwal also follows good human relations. Strategies: Kant (2000) Strategies are the way of performing the target i.e. how to do a particular work for the achievement of predetermined objectives. 2.0 Business Strategies: There are various strategies which are prepared in the business enterprise like- 2.1. Market Strategies Market Strategies includes the companys relationship with existing and potential customers, its knowledge of changing needs and opportunities in the market, the way it identifies and reaches its customers. Madan Paliwal started Real-estate business at Jaipur. He launched affordable homes, Villas, commercial complex etc. His marketing strategies were very good. After getting success in Jaipur he started new projects in Ajmer, Udaipur, Bhilwara, Mumbai other cities in India. He says that the main strategies that are necessary for getting success in market is attract the market to us, Examine managements assumptions, perceptions, predispositions about the market, and determine to what extent they are valid. And finally evaluate new opportunities in the market, new products, collaboration with others etc. (paliwal, 2008) 2.2. Organization Strategies Organization consists of the structures, systems, policies, procedures and activities of a business, the manner in which it exercises authority, takes decisions, communicates, coordinates and integrates its activities. Madan Paliwal is good organizer. He manages more than 1000 employees in his group of companies. He says the main strategies that are necessary for success in organization strategies are: Analyze the jobs of executives, managers, and supervisors to identify tasks that can be delegated to lower levels and the conditions necessary to make that delegation effective. Next establish clear job descriptions for every position, and create a system whereby the responsibilities and authority of each position are clear to other people in the company. Furthermore determine whether we can innovate any new systems that will further improve our performance. Determine if there are systems successfully employed by other companies that could be used by our company. Finally Assess the eff ectiveness of important systems in the company (e.g. Accounting , Budgeting , Personnel information, Planning etc.) in terms of their speed, their personnel requirements, quality of work, cost of operations, and whether fully being utilized.(paliwal 2008) 2.3. Products, sells and services strategies It means the capacity of the company to deliver products and services. It includes the range and quality of products and services it markets, the technical knowledge and skill of sales and service staff, and the level of technology incorporated in its products and services and utilized to carry on business. Madan Paliwal launched affordable homes for middle lower class people in every project because affordable homes selling easily. After selling homes villas he launches commercial complex in project, hence commercial complex (very costly) become successful (interview with paliwal, 2010). He says that main strategies that are necessary for success in Products, sells and services strategies are: Improve the technology of our products and services by adding new dimension into it and Examine every technology in our company employs. And identify ways to reduce cost. Then Match our products and services as closely as possible with the needs of the market. Next Identify and adapt new and recent technologies to better meet the needs of our customers. Furthermore Introduce new or improved technologies internally that will improve the functioning of our own organization. Besides this Make improvement in our organization (structure, activities, systems, job positions, procedure, rules, regulations etc.) that will improve the development and operation of our technology. Finally continuously expand and upgrade the product and services knowledge and technical expertise of our people. 2.4. Finance Strategies This component defines the way in which the company manages monitors and utilizes capital resources for its growth. It includes the quality of systems and skills for accounting, budgeting and financial management, cash and credit management, control over purchasing and inventory, access to capital. Madan Paliwal started his business with only Rs. 200 capital. He follows following financial strategies to manage financial activities in his companies: A. Determine that our company is exploring and taking advantage of every conceivable source of finance to make our business grow. B. Determine how our company can utilize financial information as a positive instrument for tracking and monitoring performance on key activities. C. Determine what can be done to improve accuracy and timeliness of accounting so that information on performance is available as soon as possible after the day, week, the month, or the job is over. D. Determine what type of indicators we can develop as positive motivating tools to help managers and employees evaluate their own performance. E. Determine what are the keys areas in which the company can save money by improving performance. 2.5. Personnel strategies This component covers the energies, abilities, skills, and attitudes of employees that can be harnessed for growth. People and companies grow together. Miraj Group of companies provides maximum opportunities for their people to grow, find maximum opportunities for their own growth (interview with paliwal, 2010). His Group follows the following personal strategies: A. Recruit people with a high level of energy, good health, highest possible level of education and experience and write type of personality to work well in our company and implement its values. B. Review wage and salary scale, and ensure that the compensation for every position is not only fair, but perceived as fair. Whenever necessary, educate people to understand the true value of the companys benefits package. C. Introduce profit-sharing or equity programs to make our people owners of company and develop the physical and technical skills of our people through formal training programs. D. Develop the managerial and psychological skills of our people through formal training, regular and ongoing training, personal guidance and attention. E. Give greater personal attention to the people you work with (not to their work) and encourage them to do likewise with their people. F. Recognize and reward individual efforts to improve the functioning of our organization. G. Maintain clear and effective two-way communication with all employees H. Implement psychological values such as respect for the individual, personal growth, freedom, and harmony to the highest level. I. Give regular feedback to individuals on their performance and what they can do to improve. 3.0. Other strategies Other strategies have been followed by Miraj Group of Companies are: 3.1 Stability strategy Miraj Group has a stable environment, limited number of products, customers, suppliers and competitors, minimum need for skills and so on may follow what is called the Stability Strategy such an organization is satisfied with its existing level of activities and wants the same to continue. 3.2 Growth strategy An organization that wants to raise its level of performance may adopt what is called the Growth Strategy. The following measures adopted by Miraj Group of companies: Development of new products for the existing markets. Creation of new uses for the existing products. Development of new products for new markets. 3.3 Vertical Integration strategy A business enterprise itself may decide to produce the raw materials needed for production to ensure continuous supply. On the other hand, it may also decide to start its own sales outlets to serve its customers better. In either case, the strategy is known as the Vertical Integration Strategy. 3.4 Product Elimination Strategy A business unit may also eliminate products that have become unpopular with the buyers and bring only losses. Such unsuccessful products also damage the image of the business. Thus, the Product Elimination Strategy may be adopted by a firm to avoid loss of profits as well as reputation. 3.5 Merger Strategy It is also possible that identical business units may combine to rationalize production and sales and thereby derive the benefits of economics of large-scale operations. This is what is known as the Merger Strategy. 4.0 Conclusion In the 21st century the concept of entrepreneurship is essentially related to innovative endeavors. It is through to be concerned with introducing something new in the environment of tough competition. Entrepreneur types of individuals who are highly determined, confident, creative and innovative, sales oriented personalities well in tune with trends and who are able to translate a vision into a real small business. They are encouraging young individual to form new business enterprises and providing such government supports as infrastructural facilities (like water, power, Transpiration, Industrial sheds or developed plots, Communication system and tax incentives, to facilitate this formation process. Madan paliwal successfully followed all above mention strategies in his business since many years. All these strategies are very efficiently and effectively followed by an enterprise for the success of his own as well as for the growth of business enterprise As good as the business strategies; the well is the position of the business. It is impossible to become a successful entrepreneur without business strategy. All the strategies which are mention above should be followed by the person who wants to become a successful entrepreneur. Word Count (2183)

Huxley’s Human’s Shortcomings of Analysis :: Huxley Hyperion Satyr Essays

Huxley’s Human’s Shortcomings of Analysis Aldous Huxley’s "Hyperion to a Satyr" makes outlandish use of overclarification and unnecessary dramatics to draw ahilarious portrait of the human struggle against its intrinsic nature.His comparison of the techniques, successful and failed, used by human beings to physically dispose of and psychologically deal with the problemof humanwaste, exposes a universality of human thought, emotion, and solution.Thevarious ideologies queried and explained serve to instill within thereadera unifying perspective of mankind, rather than a dividing one. Thisis anincredibly significant point, considering the difficulties encounteredbythe general individual who desires to know the past beyond simple eventsandoutcomes. By contrastingthis property of human analysis against Huxley’sdescriptions of theclasses and their relations, a greater sense of theperspectivenecessary todiscern and fathom our world is gained. The essay consists of an opening retelling of the events concerning a walk on the beach with Thomas Mann, which hethen transitions into discussions on dirt, philosophical perspective, breath,fecal matter, animalistic nature, urbanism, chemical methods, symbolization,slavery and class distinction, political systems, and religion. In general,theseare all related to specific time periods or societies, and the troublesencountered and solutions embarked upon by those who were limited by perspective.Huxley repeatedly reminds the reader of his/her own limitations of perspectivethat must be as well inherently present by the inclusion of unrelated examples of futuristic prediction, or in some cases, futuristic ‘damnation’. Thistemporal mode of analysis is the relevant context the essay must ultimately be viewed in. By describing the various elementsof subject matter far beyond what would be the necessity of reader understanding, Huxley turns an otherwise historical pursuit to an intellectual one. Theissue of human excrement, filth, symbolization, solution, etc. is doubtlessoften dealt with in sociological and cultural studies, but Huxley’s technique of using this problem as a vehicle into the ancient and modern mind isunique. This is why the paper must be viewed in terms of a greater picturethan the individual events described. The methodology to be used takesgreatest use of Huxley’s demonstrations of contrast, and is therefore focusedonthe shifts and variances of perspective. This is often broght aboutin situations where he alternately raises the most miniscule of detailsto the highest pedestal and dismisses the giants of philosophy in commonlists. The purpose of this is to even the bias of time, or essentiallyto provide the reader with a firm grasp of the notion that all gre at thoughtis still limited by environment.

Sepsis

Four days later on February 29th, she as moved into ICC because she continued to have the same symptoms and appeared to be getting worse. After doing my own research on her symptoms, I asked the ICC nurse if they tested her for sepsis. She confirmed that she did have sepsis and they were now treating that along with a laundry list of other things. Eight days later, my mother passed away from complications of: Sepsis, COOP, Pneumonia, Hypoxia, Kielbasa, and Hyperplasia (carbon-dioxide poisoning). Sepsis is a condition that can be a cause or result of other diseases and infections. WayneRobinson and Ron Daniels (2013) quote the definition as: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to an infection injures its own tissue and organs. Sepsis can lead to shock, multiple organ failure and death especially if not recognized early and treated promptly. Sepsis remains the primary cause of death from infection despite advances in modern medicine, including va ccines, antibiotics and acute care. Millions of people worldwide die of sepsis every year (l 2). Sepsis can be difficult to diagnose quickly because of the underlying infection(s) hat may be causing the sepsis.There is a very small window of opportunity in which treatment can dramatically improve survival. A patient that is admitted with severe sepsis is at a level of risk many times greater than if he or she were admitted with a stroke or heart attack. The two most common infections associated with sepsis are It's and pneumonia. In my mother's case, she had a OUT and was unaware that she had one. In fact, she probably had it for a couple of weeks prior to going to the hospital. There are three diagnosed levels of sepsis; sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock.Sepsis is a systematic inflammatory response to an infection defined by two or more inflammatory response syndrome criteria. Those criteria are based on observations such as fever, slow respirations (breathing), rapid heart r ate, and an altered mental state. Some blood test results can assist in determining this as well. Severe sepsis is present when one or more organs begin to fail as a result of sepsis. Acute respiratory distress can accompany severe sepsis as well as a disease called Disseminated Intramuscular Coagulation (DICE), which has to do with the blood not clotting normally.DICE is highly relevant to outcome in patients with sepsis. The final level of diagnosis is septic shock. Septic shock is present when there is evidence that the tissues and organs are receiving insufficient amounts of oxygen and nutrients, low blood pressure, a rapid heart rate and breathing, and can be considered the most severe end of the spectrum of this disease. As stated earlier, my mother had a laundry list of things wrong with her, all contributing to her death. Some of the infections she had developed from the sepsis infection, and some of them caused the sepsis infection.Her UT', for example, was ere initial diag nosis when she came into the ERE. People with limited or no sensation below the waist may not know they have a UT'. â€Å"An untreated OUT may spread to the kidney, causing more pain and illness. It can also cause sepsis. The term resources is usually used to describe sepsis caused by a UT'† (Sepsis Alliance, n. D. , ‘1 2). More than one half of reported cases of older adults with resources are caused by a UT'. Another interesting fact is that one-third of people who develop sepsis, die from it.Those that do survive it are usually left with some type of organ dysfunction and/or amputation. While in the ICC, my mother developed hyperplasia (carbon-dioxide poisoning). This infection was a result of the sepsis. I had never heard of hyperplasia before so I started to ask questions. Because of the sepsis infection, my mother's respirations were very weak. She wasn't breathing hard enough to release the carbon-dioxide from her body when she exhaled. To assist her with breathi ng, she was put on a APIPA machine that forced the oxygen into her system so she could breathe easier.The hope was that this machine would help her breathe until she was well enough to earth properly on her own. The nurses tried small intervals of removing the machine to see how she would do, but her gas levels would go back up if off of the machine too long. The highest gas rate at one time was 86, which is almost quadruple what a normal level should be. Another infection that my mother developed while in the hospital was Kielbasa. Kielbasa is a type of bacteria that causes other infections. â€Å"Kielbasa infections commonly occur among sick patients who are receiving treatment for other conditions.Patients who require devices like ventilators (breathing machines) or intravenous catheters are more at risk for Kielbasa infections† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2012, ‘1 1). A person has to be exposed to the bacteria to get the infection. Unfortunate ly, medical tools such as ventilators and intravenous catheters allow Kielbasa to enter the body off patient and cause infection. It is very rare for Kielbasa to spread to family members of patient's. Healthy people are at a very low risk of acquiring this infection.My mother most likely developed Kielbasa from the Bi-PAP machine she needed to use to breathe, as well as a compromised immune system. Another condition my mother developed as a result of the sepsis was hypoxia. In her case, she had metabolic hypoxia. This developed because of the high demand of oxygen required from her tissues. Even though the oxygen can be transported and absorbed properly, it is not enough when it comes to sepsis. Some organs that can be affected by hypoxia are the heart, liver and the brain. There is a correlation between edema and hypoxia as well.Edema is the swelling of tissues (usually due to heart failure) and can limit the ability of oxygen to reach tissues. Since my mother also had edema, her h ypoxia very well could have developed from both the sepsis and edema. One of the last infections my mother developed was pneumonia. Pneumonia is commonly associated with sepsis as either a result or a cause. Pneumonia is an infection in the lungs and can be in Just one or both lungs. If pneumonia alone is left untreated it can be deadly. In the days prior to antibiotics, about one third of people who developed bacteria pneumonia died.Once my mother developed pneumonia, we knew that she was never going to recover from all of the infections she was developing. She came into the hospital with COOP that she had for several years prior and a number of other issues that only contributed to her development of sepsis and these other infections. Out of the millions worldwide that die every year from sepsis, more than 750,000 of them are in the U. S. One article I read said that sepsis â€Å"triggers a cascading, whole-body inflammatory response† (McKinney, 2014, ‘1 3).According to federal data, it is the leading cause of hospital deaths in ICC and the 10th leading cause of death in the United States overall. Hospitals continue to struggle when it comes to early detection of sepsis. Another interesting fact I found was that researchers noted high rates of sepsis mortality in the Midwest, mid-Atlantic and Southern States; even as much as four times the national average. These areas are called â€Å"hot spots†. Researchers continue to research the reasons behind this. â€Å"Is it a result of patient level differences: commodities, age, race, smoking, alcohol, etc.? Is it a result of MS care?DEED care? In-patient care? This needs to be sorted out† (Struck, 2013, ‘1 6). The following graph from 2010 illustrates the death rate in these hot spots as well as there areas of the United States: (McKinney, 2014) There really is no single test for sepsis. It is at the discretion of the DEED and physicians to carefully screen patients who might have it in order to rule it out or identify who actually has it. Unfortunately, there is not one single treatment that targets sepsis. Instead, physicians and nurses follow a number of treatments including antibiotics, intravenous fluids, oxygen, and in some cases, surgery.Sometimes it is hard to get physicians to think about sepsis as a disease that is time- sensitive like a heart-attack. Continuous efforts and resources will hopefully lead too reduction in mortality rates. In conclusion, not enough is known about sepsis, yet it is one of the most deadly diseases someone can get. My father had never heard of sepsis until mom was diagnosed with it. After learning more about sepsis, I am not surprised she developed it. She was sick for years starting back in 2007 when she had a triple- bypass, Cybernetic surgery for cancer on her lung, and a kidney removed for cancer as well.She never fully recovered from all of that and I think it Just made her alienable to other infections and diseases. Watching the disease progress firsthand made me see that it is almost impossible for anyone to recover from it. As stated earlier, it cascades into other diseases so rapidly that hospital staff cannot stop it. We were told that there was no way my mother was ever going to recover from the disease and to keep her alive she would need to be on a machine for the rest of her shortened life. No one deserves to live like that. Sepsis will leave a patient with no quality of life and a poisoning of the whole body.I want to help create more wariness about the disease and will continue to do research on the disease and other diseases that cause and result from it. I am also going to seek out organizations in our area to see how I can be an advocate for this awful disease. I would love to be able to educate families that may be going through what my family had to go through. This evil may have taken my mother from me, but it has only made me stronger and more determined than ever to do someth ing positive and help others. Reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Kielbasa pneumonia in Healthcare Settings.

Piaget Versus Vygotsky In Regards To The Cognitive Theory Education Essay

The building of the thought procedure ; like retrieving, job resolution, and determination devising, is all apart of what ‘s called cognitive development. The basic premiss of cognitive development is the manner a individual perceives, thinks, and understand the goings-on around them through the combination of genetic sciences and learned factors. Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky were influential in the apprehension of this signifier of development conveyed by their several theories. Cognitive Development starts at birth and progresses as a kid starts to larn and turn mentally. If a individual, particularly an pedagogue, can understand how a kid develops cognitively versions can be made to suit the specific demands of a kid. Constructivism is an attack to learning and larning based on the premiss that knowledge is the consequence of mental building ( McDevitt, and Ormrod, 2006 ) . A pupils belief, attitudes and how they are shown how to make things impact how one learns. This averm ent is one expressed and agreed upon by both Piaget and Vygotsky. Both besides agreed that social influences created the boundaries that surrounded cognitive development. Being Constructivist and acknowledging the influence of 1s milieus are about the lone similarities that are shared by Piaget and Vygotsky ‘s theory portion. Each theoretician had cardinal thoughts that their theory of cognitive development was built upon. These thoughts differed from each other. As in Piaget ‘s, he theorized that intelligence is produced by action. He strongly felt a kid learns best through interaction. ( Huitt, & A ; Hummel, 2003 ) Vygotsky disagreed, alternatively he felt larning occurred before development and they learn because of history and symbolism ( Van der Veer, 2008 ) . Further more, Vygotsky would reason that kids non merely needed but valued others input in order to turn psychologically, a point that Piaget disagreed with. Piaget beloved that there are four stages to cognitive development that occurs. The first phase, referred to as Sensorimotor Stage, begins at birth to two old ages. In this phase a kid relies to a great extent on natural behaviours of course learned, like sucking. Piaget beloved intelligence manifests itself through physical motor activities such as creeping or walking. These attribu tives dominate in this stage although ; some linguistic communication accomplishments are developed as good. Piaget continues his stages into the ages two through seven with the preoperational phase. During this phase, Piaget believes a kid is egoistic with his ideas. Basically, Piaget says at this clip, a kid thinks if he believes or sees things one manner, that is the manner everyone sees it. During this phase the flowering of unwritten linguistic communication, memory and imaginativeness besides occurs. The 3rd phase, labeled concrete operational phase, continues on into the ages of seven and into eleven. A dramatic alteration in how a child thinks happens at this clip. One begins to believe in a more logical manner. Piaget rounds out his phases with the concluding 1 named the formal operational phase. The formal operational phase refers to the ability to get the hang abstract ideas and symbols relationally are the premiss of this phase. Very few people will of all time make this portion of Piaget ‘s Cognitive Theory. Those who do are besides able to treat scenarios that may happen ( McDevitt, and Ormrod, 2006 ) . Interrupting cognitive development into phases was a procedure that Vygotsky disagreed with. He thought at that place to be no phases at all every bit good as no clip frame in which they are expected to happen. He had different constituents to his political orientations in mention to development, like the usage of private address. Private address, put merely, is the pattern of speaking to oneself. He asserted that this procedure contributed to a kid ‘s job resolution accomplishments, as the kid would speak it out to himself before moving. Private speech production might go less of a prevailing facet over clip but is ne'er to the full outgrown. Following, Vygotsky focuses on the zone of proximal development. This signifier of development refers to things a kid may no be able to make on their ain right off but in clip will. Vygotsky steadfastly asserted it was imperative for a kid to work within his zone in order to accomplish maximal acquisition ( Van cervid Ver, 2008 ) . The co ncluding key to Vygotsky ‘s theory lies in the term staging. Using encouragement and aid by manner of advice is how scaffolding is defined. Hints and arrows are employed by an influential presence in a kid ‘s life who has already mastered these constructs like ego regulation or job resolution ( Mcdevitt & A ; Ormrod, 2006 ) . Cognitive theories, like the 1s developed by Piaget and Vygotsky have been put into pattern by instructors, pedagogues, and healer likewise for old ages. Both theories are valid, plausible and easy can be put into pattern, particularly in a category room. For illustration, Piaget ‘s preoperational stage is dominant in a kindergarten schoolroom, where five twelvemonth olds reign. Piaget ‘s stage states that kid is egoistic in his thought. This can be portrayed in a simple scene taken from a kid ‘s recess clip. One kid loves hide and seek. They play it as a household rather often at place. The regulations at place dictate one must number to 20 but another pupil argues that is non right. But the first kid insist since this is the iron-clad regulation because he assumes if he thinks its played that manner, everyone does, therefore bodying the preoperational stage. Similarly, Vygotsky ‘s theories are besides plausible. A good illustration can be found in a 2nd clas s schoolroom. No two kids think likewise is a given for they all develop on different degrees. Like, some kids have mastered simple arithmetic, where as others struggle with the construct. One manner to impart aid would be through the usage of math manipulative, like confect. It would keep the attending of those who understand that while farther helping those who have n't. Cognitive development has shaped the manner an pedagogue approaches a pupil. Piaget and Vygotsky have given one peep into the developmental heads of a kid. Without these theories, an pedagogue ‘s influence may non be as efficaciously utilized like it should. Work Cited Van Der Veer, R. ( 2008 ) . Lev Vygotsky: continuum library of educational idea. Continuum. McDevitt, T, & A ; Ormrod, J.E. ( 2006 ) . Child development and instruction. New York: Prentice Hall. Huitt, W. , & A ; Hummel, J. ( 2003 ) . Piaget ‘s theory of cognitive development. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved 09/18/2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/cogsys/piaget.html

Essay about Study Guide Question Ch

Essay about Study Guide Question Ch Essay about Study Guide Question Ch Ulises Lopez 4-24-14 Period 4 English Study Guide Questions Chapters #26-31: 1. What was Scout's fantasy regarding Arthur (Boo) Radley? Scout's fantasy regarding Arthur Radley would be, to have a normal polite conversation with him and she also fantasized for him to be like every other neighbor in Maycomb. 2. What did Scout hear Miss Gates say at the courthouse?†¨In class, Miss Gates said," That's the difference between America and Germany. We are a democracy and Germany is a dictatorship. We don't believe in persecuting anybody. Persecution comes from people who are prejudiced. Compare and contrast these two statements. †¨What does this tell us about Miss Gates? Scout heard Miss Gates say, â€Å"It's time to teach the blacks a lesson.† That quote tells us that Miss Gates is just a hypocrite that she is just as racist as Hitler was, but for a different group of people. 3. What happened to Judge Taylor? Someone was breaking into the judge's house, but then the judge and his dog frightened him away. 4. What happened to Helen Robinson? Helen Robinson was harassed by Bob Ewell. He harrased Helen because he was furious that he didn't win the trial. 5. What was Scout's part in the pageant? Scout was a ham in the pageant. 6. Why did Scout and Jem not leave the school until almost everyone else had gone. Scout was embarrassed because she fell asleep, came on stage late during the pageant and ruined Mrs. Merriweather's program. 7. What happened to Jem and Scout on the way home from the pageant? On their way home from the pageant, Bob Ewell attacked Jem and Scout. 8. Who saved Jem and Scout? Who killed Bob Ewell? Boo Radley saved Jem and Scout. He also killed Bob Ewell. 9. Why did Heck Tate insist that Bob Ewell fell on his own knife? Heck Tate insist that Bob Ewell fell on his own knife because he figured out that Boo Radley killed Bob, but he saw no sense dragging the one he

Ana Maria Matute- Sin of Omission Essay Example

Ana Maria Matute Ana Maria Matute- Sin of Omission Paper Ana Maria Matute- Sin of Omission Paper Ana Maria Matute is one of the most significant writers in Spain today. Some of the autobiographic details, especially those of her early life are extremely important, as they influenced her work to a considerable extent. She was born in Barcelona in 1926 in a well-to-do family, but some of the events of her childhood left deep marks on her personality. The most important of these is the Civil War, which is probably the source of one of the most important themes of her writing: the loss of innocence. Also, the lack of affection in her own family where she felt neglected is probably at the root of the isolation and loneliness of the characters in her fiction. Other personal data, like her sickness as a child which endangered her life, shaped the pessimistic view of the world that her work expresses. Usually the autobiographical details are not used directly in her work, but they are still recognizable under the guise of her subjectivity. Sin of Omission is based, for example, on her e xperience of the Civil War, although indirectly. The short story tackles more than one theme at the same time: first of all, the religious underpinnings are obvious even from the title. It is a story about sin, about right and wrong, about human nature and human life. The title of the story is very significant as it offers the author’s subjective interpretation of the events in the text, which, otherwise are recounted in an objective tone. The author intentionally builds up a slight confusion around the word ‘sin’: according to the sixth commandment in the Old Testament, the sin in the story should be the murder of Emeterio, committed by Lope. The title indicates however that this is not so. The true sin is that of â€Å"omission†, therefore a sin which is not related to any performed act but precisely to what has not been done. It is Emeterio’s omission to provide anything else than the strictly necessary material needs for Lope, something which is not unlike murder in a figurative sense. Thus, the story is a brief overview of an orphan boy’s life, named Lope. The teenager is sent by a distant relative, a cousin of his father to be a shepherd in Sagrado. He is thirteen when the story begins when his mother dies. The story already mentions that he hadn’t been to school for three years, which is one of the â€Å"omissions† in the boy’s life. After he had been a shepherd for five years, Emeterio Ruiz Heredia calls him back to the village for a medical control and Lope accidentally meets on of his former school colleagues, Manuel Enriquez. The sharp contrast between the two boys, Lope a shepherd and Manuel a lawyer dressed in an elegant suit, is what generates the conflict of the story and brings it to its climax. Lope sees in the other boy the things that he has been deprived of by being sent as a shepherd in the mountains: a career, the possibility of cultivating his mind and his sensibility. There is a long list of omissions that, even if it is not given by the author, can be intuitively understood by the reader. Emeterio and his family, with a wife that had â€Å" a sharp tongue† and a twenty years old daughter already form a hostile environment for the Lope: â€Å"[†¦] even if he took him in when he became an orphan, without inheritance or trade†, Emeterio and his family didn’t treat him right. The act of sending him as a shepherd to earn his own money, although seemingly a good deed to an orphan boy, is in fact a great injustice. The positive gesture is only done halfway. Emeterio provides Lope with a trade that will help him live and have enough to eat, but for the rest, isolates him and refuses to give him an education even if he is advised to do so by the boy’s former teacher. The attributes that are human in Lope are completely ignored by his foster parent. The isolation in the mountains with only one other shepherd, who is fifty years old and a bit retarded, is symbolic: Emeteri o deprives him of human contact exactly at the time that his character and his understanding of life are being formed. The silence of his companion and of his surroundings is very limiting for the boy. It can not be said that a shepherd’s life would be bad for anyone, but for Lope it is, as he has been denied the education and the possibility to open his mind, as the author hints in the dialogue between Emeterio and Lope’s teacher: â€Å"’I have seen the Lope he said- he was mounting to Sagrado. It’s a pity for the boy. ‘Yes said Emeterio, cleaning his lips with the back of the hand.He goes as a shepherd. You know: one has to earn his money. Life is bad.’(Matute, 199) Emeterio’s limited view of life prevents him from seeing the wrong of sending the boy away as a shepherd. Matute’s main concern here is with human nature: a human being needs more than merely enough to eat or drink, and Emeterio denies these things to Lope exactly when the latter would have to open up to the world. As Jones emphasizes, Matute shows here the contrast between reality and the possibility of the ideal: â€Å"Ana Marà ­a Matutes foremost concern is man and human nature, to which she attributes unchanging characteristics conveyed to the reader by fixed literary patterns. The interpretation of the eternal condition of mankind moves from a study of individual situations to a view of history, and both specific characters and the wider perspective of historyand this is history in the sense of private history, not great eventsderive from an original notion of time. Time patterns hint at a dark side of life and emphasize mans unhappiness, loneliness and the difference between the reality of life and ideal possibilities.â€Å"(Jones, 283) The ideal for Lope is never realized, but he senses the omissions in his life when he meets with his former school companion. One of the greatest injustice is thus that of the lack of humanity in the way Lope is treated by Emeterio’s family. Not only is he isolated in Sagrado, but receives no attention or affection from the people surrounding him.   As Ordonez pointed out, Matute’s story is pervaded by a pervasive solitude and faulty communication: â€Å"[†¦] an isolation between the self and others; between the self and itself; pervasive solitude; separation caused by death, divorce and faulty communication.†(Ordonez, 11) The name of â€Å"Sagrado† is itself symbolic as it is the Spanish word for â€Å"sacred†, accentuating the religious themes of the story. The scenery described is also significant. The ceiling of the little clay hut where Lope lived and the sheer blue sky are contrasted here: the boy wakes up every day to the monotonous life in the mountains. Although the sky and the sun seem to indicate greatness, the little clay hut in which the two men could only go in by crawling seems cumbersome and suffocating: â€Å"The summits of Sagrado were beautiful, of a deep blue, a terrible, blind one. The sun, high and round, reigned there like an undaunted pupil. In the fog of the dawn, when the humming of the flies and the creaking was not heard yet, Lope used to wake up, with the clay ceiling in front of his eyes. He remained quiet awhile, feeling by his side the body of Roque Mediano, like a breathing bulk.† (Matute, 199) The author’s description of the roots that the men â€Å"hug† when they sleep in the hut is very significant: the verb â€Å"to hug† is used intentionally to underline the boy’s utter loneliness and the fact that he is deprived of any human contact. The whole atmosphere seems muffled and heavy, one in which the human shouts are lost, unheard: â€Å"In the same sky, crossing like fugitive stars, the shouts were lost, useless and great. Only God knew where they would fall. Like stones. Like the years. One year, two, five.†(Matute, 199) The boy suffers in the small, crowded hut, and under the contrasting, great sky that cannot hear the shouts of men. At the end of the story the effect of this heavy silence on the boy is again indicated. When he meets his companion, the boy is at first befuddled by the latter’s elegant clothes and by the fine cigar box he tends to him. He then feels the sharp contrast between them, between their hand and their whole appearance. The fact that Lope cannot understand what Manuel is saying is very telling: he cannot relate to another human being after having lived for five years in absolute isolation, without talking or thinking or knowing anything about life: â€Å"Who could understand what he was saying?†. The words and accents of the other man seem strange and unusual to Lope, who has only been accustomed to silence. The climax of the story, when Lope, after his encounter with Manuel, picks up a huge stone and hurtles it at his adoptive relative might seem shocking, but in fact, the murder comes almost naturally in the muffled atmosphere of the text. It is recounted as if it were another killing during a war. The actual sin in the story is not this murder but the seemingly innocent omissions in Emeterio’s behavior. Lope’s crime is very significant as it indicates what other critics have termed as a â€Å"moral ambiguity† in Matute’s works: â€Å"While she lost no family or close relatives during the war, one of Ana Marà ­as professors was killed attempting to escape to France. But the constant sensation of loss in her works is the result of a loss much more fundamental and irreplaceable: the loss of childhood, of innocence, of beliefs, of a whole world and the values on which it was based. That moral ambiguity, to which some critics have objected in Matutes works, is evidently a result of the Civil War.†(Diaz, 145) The author was immensely affected by the Civil War which made her understand the dreadful part of life- with its murders and horrors at an age when she was still innocent. The war which is in itself immoral and shatters one’s ideas about right and wrong influenced her view of morality, and made her see murder differently. This is why Matute ends chooses to punish the omissions in Lope’s life in a very radical manner. The blame is clearly lain on Emeterio, and the murder is almost unquestioned by the author. Thus, the war as an autobiographical source seems to be the main factor of influence for the moral attitude the author gives in her story: â€Å"The dominating concern with the Civil War is definitely of autobiographical origin, and where descriptions of the war are offered, they often have an autobiographical basis, as the novelist experienced bombings, witnessed shootings and burnings and other horrors of war.†(Diaz, 111) There are other autobiographical elements of the author’s life that influence Sin of Omission, as her illness that has brought her in contact the poverty and misery of existence in the countryside: â€Å"[Matutes] illness at the age of eight was particularly important for her interest in, and understanding of, the Castilian landscape, for she was sent to live with her grandparents during an extended convalescence, thus becoming acquainted with a countryside different from that of her summers, with new aspects of life, with the misery, poverty, and struggle for existence.†(Diaz, 146) Thus, in Sin of Omission not only morality is questioned, but also human life in general because of the difficulties of material existence that seem other aspects, like spirituality, seem irrelevant. The view on life she gives is extremely pessimistic because it presents the harshness of reality and the hostile environment for man. The focus on childhood and the early stages of life is also symbolic because it focuses on the moment in which the disenchantment takes place: â€Å"An interesting aspect of the question of Matutes utilization of autobiographical material is her apparent concentration on the early part of her life. The autobiographical elements mentioned heretofore and come from the period ending with the close of the Civil War, and are thus taken from only the first thirteen years of the novelists life. From this point on, she uses almost no autobiographical materials.†(Diaz, 147) This is why the murder done by Lope can be seen differently now: it is a radical gesture meant to symbolize the inadaptability of man to the hostile conditions of life, which is full of â€Å"omissions†: â€Å"There is nothing unusual about her marked division between the periods of childhood, adolescence and adulthood, but the transition between these stages is occasioned by a strange timetable. Children grow suddenly when forced to abandon a world of fantasy and accept the harshness of reality. If they cannot adjust to the adult world or refuse to do so, they must die, and the mortality rate for children in these works is exceedingly high. (Jones, 286)

Green Technology Definition and Examples

Green Technology Definition and Examples Green technology, also known as sustainable technology, takes into account the long- and short-term impact something has on the environment. Green products are by definition, environmentally friendly. Energy efficiency, recycling, health and safety concerns, renewable resources, and more all go into the making of a green product or technology. Go Green or Face Extinction? Since the invention of the steam engine kicked off the Industrial Revolution, our planet has suffered rapid changes in climate that include increasingly severe droughts, increased depletion of groundwater reserves, seawater acidification, rising seawater levels, the rapid spread of diseases and macroparasites, and the extinction of species.  Unless we intervene, these changes may prove irreversible. Green technology offers us the best hope to counteract the effects of climate change and pollution. Why? The world has a fixed amount of natural resources, some of which have already been depleted or ruined. For example, household batteries and electronics often contain dangerous chemicals that pollute soil and groundwater with chemicals that cannot be removed from our drinking water supply and wind up in food crops and livestock grown on contaminated soil. The health risks alone are staggering. Plastic pollutants are another nonsustainable resource thats destroying the ocean habitats of sea creatures around the world- killing off fish, birds, and countless other species. Larger pieces pose choking and strangulation hazards, while the tiny particles of disintegrating plastic are making their way into the bottom of the food chain. As larger fish feed on contaminated krill, they too become contaminated and if those fish are subsequently harvested for human consumption, the contaminants are going to wind up on your plate and in your stomach. Not so appetizing, right? Fast Facts: Principles of Sustainability There are three principles which define sustainability in any type of material, as described by the American ecologist and economist Herman Daly:  Nonrenewable resources should not be depleted at rates higher than the development rate of renewable substitutes.Renewable resources should not be exploited at a rate higher than their regeneration levels.The absorption and regeneration capacity of the natural environment should not be exceeded. Renewable Energy vs. Nonrenewable Energy Nonrenewable energy resources include nuclear, hydrogen, coal, natural gas, and oil. All of these currently fail the definition of sustainability in one way or another but most painfully in the ability of the environment to absorb and regenerate the expenses related to their extraction or production.   One of the best-known examples of green technology is the solar cell, which directly converts energy from natural light into electrical energy via the process of photovoltaics. Generating electricity from solar energy equates to less consumption of fossil fuels, as well as the reduction of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. While some detractors argue that solar panels are expensive and unattractive, new inventions may be just around the corner to offset these concerns. Community solar groups, in which renters will share solar panel products, and new spray-on photovoltaic film using perovskites that have the potential to convert regular window glass to solar collectors are just two possibilities on the horizon that show great promise for the future of solar assets.   Other renewable energy sources include hydro, biomass, wind, and geothermal, but unfortunately, these assets are not currently be exploited at adequate levels to replace nonrenewable sources. Some members of the energy industry are dead set against going green, while others see it as both a challenge and an opportunity.  The bottom line is that while non-renewable energy resources currently comprise 80 percent of the worlds energy requirements, over time, thats simply not going to sustainable.  If we hope to maintain life on our planet, emerging green energy technology must be used alongside existing methods to transition from the unsustainable to the sustainable. The Power of Positive Green Thinking Here a just a few reasons why going green is in everyones best interest: Inventors should know that green inventions and clean technologies are good business. These are fast-growing markets with growing profits.Consumers should know that buying green inventions can reduce energy bills and are often safer and healthier than non-green counterparts.  Even making small changes can have a large-term impact. For instance, consider the waste created by plastic water bottles. Of course, drinking lots of water is a healthy practice but changing out reusable water bottles for disposable ones is health-promoting, eco-friendly, and green. Sources   Cedeà ±o-Laurent, J.G., et al. Building Evidence for Health: Green Buildings, Current Science, and Future Challenges. Annual Review of Public Health 39.1 (2018): 291-308. Print.Hesketh, Robert P. Introduction to Sustainable and Green Engineering: General Principles and Targets. Encyclopedia of Sustainable Technologies. Ed. Abraham, Martin A. Oxford: Elsevier, 2017. 497-507. Print.Oncel, Suphi S. Green Energy Engineering: Opening a Green Way for the Future. Journal of Cleaner Production 142 (2017): 3095-100. Print.Tonn, B., and P. Carpenter. Technology for Sustainability. Encyclopedia of Ecology. Eds. Jà ¸rgensen, Sven Erik, and Brian D. Fath. Oxford: Academic Press, 2008. 3489-93. Print.Worland, Justin. Inside the New Technology That Could Transform the Solar Power Industry. Time, 2018. Web

Determine Specific heat capacity of water and metals Essay

Determine Specific heat capacity of water and metals - Essay Example During the experiment, precautionary measures were observed in order to prevent accidents by adhering to laboratory rules and regulations. While handling hot objects, direct contact was avoided and tongs were used to handle the metals. While transferring metals, splashing of hot water was prevented through gentle removal and dipping of the metal and thermometers in the beakers. To ensure that the metal cooled enough, running cold water on the metal surface and then dried. Measure the mass of the empty beaker record it, and then pour 500ml or 0.5 kg water into the beaker and measure the total mass. The mass of water is determened by subtracting the mass of the beaker from the total mass and recorded the mass (m). The table illustrates the data collected in the respective timeline during the experiment and recorded immediately. The data helps in drawing a chart that can be use to determine the value of R2 that is the line of best fit that is supposed to be 1. The chart is drawn from the data in Table 3 which will facilitate determining the closeness to the theoretical R2=1. From the chart the R2= 0.9913 which is very close to the optimum theoretical value. The equation of the trend line is y = 50.774x - 1266.6 that provides for a gradient of 50.774 and with a constant value of -1266.6. The specific heat capacity obtained for Water trial1 was (4076.25 J kg-1 â„Æ' -1) and trial2 (4080 J kg-1 â„Æ' -1). The specific heat capacity obtained for Aluminium was (890.37 J kg-1 â„Æ' -1) and that of Copper was (387.738 J kg-1 â„Æ' -1). Comparing these values with theoretical values, water, aluminium, copper are respectably (4185 J kg-1 â„Æ' -1), 897 (J kg-1 â„Æ' -1) and 385 (J kg-1 â„Æ' -1) (The Engineering Toolbox, n.d.), we can note a slight difference in the values. The values are not exactly the same as the theoretical values. The experimental error  is 2.25%. There are some explanations for this. Heat is lost to the surrounding during the transfer of

Supply Chain Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Supply Chain Management - Assignment Example Besides, it ensures that the final product manufactured reaches the final destination in good quality (Donald et al., 2014). Within Hsu Ta manufacturers, they have a number of department under supply chain management. The duty is to ensure quality plastic product reaches the customers. It has supply planner whose function is to ensure that the projection of target volume of plastic products is achieved. Secondly, the company has product manager who ensures that there is a consistent supply of raw materials into the manufacturing department. Besides, the manager ensures a systematic flow of final products to the market. Moreover, its supply chain management, the company has a purposeful procurement department. Procurement is the process of ensuring there is a constant supply of raw materials into the manufacturing section. In addition, it ensures the raw material obtained meets the minimum standards set by the company and are of high quality. In the companys supply chain management, procurement section is the cornerstone because it is within procurement that the assessment of quality and purchasing of raw materials is done. Within the department, there is a business process consultant and relations manager who ensure that procurement of raw materials is within the company policy (Donald et al., 2013). The company has five critical functional departments within the procurement and supply management cycle. Firstly, it has a manufacturing flow management process. Under this department, the production manager ensures that there is a consistent supply of plastic raw materials necessary for the production. It ensures that there is perpetual production of goods and minimizes any disturbance from procurement and logistical challenges (Waters 2010). The effort has ensured that there is a shorter cycle of supply chain. In addition, the unit manages activities related to

Business Process and Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Global Health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Preparation of marketing job in Doha Bank, Qatar Essay

Preparation of marketing job in Doha Bank, Qatar - Essay Example Manage the bank product exhibitions, promotions and sales prospecting opportunities. Evaluate the sales, marketing and promotion activities and provide feedback for management review. Prepare monthly, quarterly and annual marketing communication performance for the top management. Job qualification and skills Must have a first-degree in marketing. Must have at least 2 years experience in bank product marketing. Extensive experience in managing and marketing bank products. Willingness to travel. Strong communication and organizing skills. Must be bilingual- Arabic and English. The above job advert would be different from a similar on in Britain. For instance, the headline of the article is in Red color which would not be the case for a marketing job advert in Britain. Qatar culture considers the red colour as a sign of good luck since red is included in the attire or robes of the honorific people dresses. In the case of Britain, the title could be in a white colour since Britain cultu re associates white with brightness thus enabling more magazine readers to see the job advert. The advert above has used dots as graphics in order to ensure the reader can sequentially read through the job information. In Britain culture, the advert would have used alphabets instead of dots since the British culture promotes the user of numbers and alphabets in numbering. The above job advert would include a green symbol since it is associated with strengths and prosperity in Qatar. In Britain, the symbol would be blue in colour since blue symbols are associated with optimist and success (Kazmi, 2009). Background of the Doha Bank in Qatar According to the bank website, the company is always looking for experienced and talented people to join its...The workforce is multi-cultural since the bank provides career growth opportunities in order to enhance the employee value preposition (Doha Bank, 2013). The human resource management policy is geared at aligning the individual interests o f an employee with the overall strategic goals of the bank. In addition, the bank has implemented market based compensation structures that support the individual employee job performance (Doha Bank, 2013). Qatar is a sovereign state that is located in the Arabian Gulf and bounders Iran, Bahrain and United Arab Emirates. Historically, the country witnessed several cultures and civilizations since the 4th and 5th millennium B.C. Qatar was once considered a pearl-fishing centre that was dominated by the Thani family. The country was a British protectorate until 1971 when the country gained independence. The country is currently the wealthiest in the Arab region due to huge oil exports and economic diversification plans. The country is on the path of becoming a global energy giant and has ensured media freedom with Al-Jazeera satellite TV station attracting a lot of the global audience. In understanding the culture, it is important that we understand the history of Qatar people and the shared realities in the society.

Gangs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gangs - Essay Example They are therefore a center of violence and poor morals in a society. Many innocent lives have perished in their hands after being assaulted with firearms and crude weapons. They commit these atrocities in order to gain control of the areas they dominate and to instill fear or intimidate authorities and the general public. Gangs are now everywhere; streets, in almost all neighborhoods, schools, internet and other spheres of everyday life. In United States it has been found that of all crimes committed, gangs are responsible for 80 percent of them. This paper aims at discussing gangs, why they form and who is attracted to them and why. Gang statistics United States has a high prevalence of gang violence together with a number of its neighbors like Mexico and Brazil. Gang members totaled slightly above one million by the end of 2010 who are affiliated to more than 25,000 groups (Larence, 2010). Unfortunately, only 15 percent of the gang population is behind bars considering the waves o f crime they commit year after year in the US. Another fact is that juveniles form 40 percent while the rest are adults while more than 90 percent of all members are males with females taking an average of 8 percent. It is important to note that about 60 percent of gangs disallow female membership. Gang activities seem to be more prevalent in cities with at least 250,000 residents although gang related crimes are also high at 86 percent in those cities averaging 100,000 inhabitants (Larence, 2010). Gang formation In considering why gangs form it is important to appreciate that gangs are groups of two or more people with the intension of supporting each other in the commission of delinquent or criminal activities (Larence, 2010). These group behaviors can be lowly organized while others can be quite sophisticated as to be termed as organized criminal gangs with organized crime networks as the case is with big cities in the US. There are many reasons why gangs are formed with some bei ng more significant than others. The following are the major reasons why they are formed together with what they offer to their members. Social discrimination and rejection In the United States there is considerable ethnic and racial discrimination due to the presence of Hispanic, White, Indian and Black populations (Larence, 2010). There has been tension among these groups and gangs are formed to cater for the interests of each. Some of the interests range from the need for dominance and control of one race or ethnic group over another to offering security in neighbors. In the process gangs find themselves indulging in criminal activities of robbing and killing people from other races or ethnic origins. Members of these gangs then feel accepted for who they are and the sense of belonging tends to raise their self esteem. Acceptance is therefore what the group will offer which in turn increases the racial and ethnic gaps among people. Absence of family connection and other values Th e family unit has failed in many affluent nations with increasing divorce cases, disunity among family members, lack parental love and adult role models and disciplinarians. All people require to be loved and be respected. The current family units have failed to offer unconditional love to the youths resulting into many of them turning to gangs which acts as surrogate families. There have been many social constraints as well as economic ones

Preparation of marketing job in Doha Bank, Qatar Essay

Preparation of marketing job in Doha Bank, Qatar - Essay Example Manage the bank product exhibitions, promotions and sales prospecting opportunities. Evaluate the sales, marketing and promotion activities and provide feedback for management review. Prepare monthly, quarterly and annual marketing communication performance for the top management. Job qualification and skills Must have a first-degree in marketing. Must have at least 2 years experience in bank product marketing. Extensive experience in managing and marketing bank products. Willingness to travel. Strong communication and organizing skills. Must be bilingual- Arabic and English. The above job advert would be different from a similar on in Britain. For instance, the headline of the article is in Red color which would not be the case for a marketing job advert in Britain. Qatar culture considers the red colour as a sign of good luck since red is included in the attire or robes of the honorific people dresses. In the case of Britain, the title could be in a white colour since Britain cultu re associates white with brightness thus enabling more magazine readers to see the job advert. The advert above has used dots as graphics in order to ensure the reader can sequentially read through the job information. In Britain culture, the advert would have used alphabets instead of dots since the British culture promotes the user of numbers and alphabets in numbering. The above job advert would include a green symbol since it is associated with strengths and prosperity in Qatar. In Britain, the symbol would be blue in colour since blue symbols are associated with optimist and success (Kazmi, 2009). Background of the Doha Bank in Qatar According to the bank website, the company is always looking for experienced and talented people to join its...The workforce is multi-cultural since the bank provides career growth opportunities in order to enhance the employee value preposition (Doha Bank, 2013). The human resource management policy is geared at aligning the individual interests o f an employee with the overall strategic goals of the bank. In addition, the bank has implemented market based compensation structures that support the individual employee job performance (Doha Bank, 2013). Qatar is a sovereign state that is located in the Arabian Gulf and bounders Iran, Bahrain and United Arab Emirates. Historically, the country witnessed several cultures and civilizations since the 4th and 5th millennium B.C. Qatar was once considered a pearl-fishing centre that was dominated by the Thani family. The country was a British protectorate until 1971 when the country gained independence. The country is currently the wealthiest in the Arab region due to huge oil exports and economic diversification plans. The country is on the path of becoming a global energy giant and has ensured media freedom with Al-Jazeera satellite TV station attracting a lot of the global audience. In understanding the culture, it is important that we understand the history of Qatar people and the shared realities in the society.

Louis Vuitton in Japan Essay Example for Free

Louis Vuitton in Japan Essay * What has made LV’s business model successful in the Japanese Luxury Market? What has made Louis Vuitton’s business model successful in the Japanese Luxury is foremost due to an aggressive marketing strategy they adopted in the country. Indeed with their heritage, the â€Å"savoir-faire à   la franà §aise†, the constant innovation, the quality of their products as well as an offered lifetime repair guarantees, Louis Vuitton has managed to make its Japanese customers loyal to the brand and succeeded to build its empire in Japan. * What are the opportunities and challenges for LV in Japan? Opportunities: Characteristics of the evolution of ageing Japanese population could be an opportunity for LV, such as wealthier families and older women with increased purchasing power. Moreover, establishing an Internet business, application for smartphones as well as expending a new range of products for men and children could be the next step for further growth in Japanese Luxury market. Challenges: The changes in Japanese society and mindset are the biggest challenge for LV. The new generation doesn’t have the same vision as the previous one, and with the gloomy economic context they are less inclined to tolerate high prices that had formerly created desirability. Moreover, the entry of fast fashion brand as ZARA, HM, UNIQLO in the Japanese market, offering quality at competitive price shook up the market share of existing luxury companies in Japan. The saturated market in Japan for fashion luxury, the continuous limited editions products and the possible departure of Marc Jacobs could also be pointed out as challenges for Louis Vuitton. * What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market? Consumer behavior is one of the biggest specific of the Japanese fashion luxury market. The Japanese way of consumption is different from the Western one, as they are known to be a group-oriented culture in which there was a real pressure to possess luxury brands, their way of consuming them seems more like a compulsory form of social expression. And with adapted marketing strategies successful luxury brand had made the Japanese luxury market the mass market. Otherwise, Japanese consumer are really sensitive to quality, price, creativity, and high fashion these are key factors for successful brands in the Japanese market. * How did LV enter into the Japanese market originally? What are the other entry strategies adopted later to strengthen its presence? The enter of Louis Vuitton into the Japanese market began in the mid 1970’s thanks to the Vuitton-Racamier family who had focused mainly on building a Japanese clientele. Louis Vuitton opted for a new strategy by opening its own shop-in-shops in Japan without the help of a Japanese distributor. LV turned out to be a pioneer in establishing its own subsidiary and exporting products directly from France to Japan. Otherwise hiring a local CEO and managers to lead LV in Japan allowed the brand to conduct the business more efficiently believing they are more able to make market-driven decision, as they are able to better understand the local people. Moreover, by offering architectural stores with an interior design comparable to that found in its flagship stores in Paris, LV has been able to revolutionize the whole purchasing experience in store matching the emotion brought out by the products. In order to strengthen its presence in Japan LV opted for several others strategies, such as hiring Marc Jacob who had created a new energy for each ready-to-wear collection, mixing tradition and innovation but also by collaborating with Japanese artists (Takashi Murakami, Rei Kawakubo, Jun Aoki) and launching limited editions products (exclusivity perceive by the costumer) that enable LV to increase its profit right away. * Will LV have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges? As said previously there is a shift in Japanese consumer preferences and it is even more highlighted due to the global financial crisis. Indeed, the days of charging a high price for products with a proprietary logo seemed to be gone in Japan. In this time of recession even Japanese consumers are becoming more aware of the value of money. Moreover, counterfeiting appeared even in the Japanese market where quality is one of the key factors in the act of purchasing luxury goods and it became a huge challenge for LV. Now that the fake bags are hard to distinguished from the genuine ones, Japanese consumer will buy fake LV bags that they will use for everyday life, even though they own authentic that they will save for special occasions. Though there was sustained slowdown in the demand for luxury goods in 2008-2009 due to the global recession, the Japanese luxury market would remain a healthy and growing industry and strategic decisions can overcome these challenges. On one hand LV decided to lower its prices, in fact they had made a seven per cent price reduction on its range of products. On the other hand LV designated Kiyotaka Fujii a new chief executive officer (CEO), which is the first change in the Japanese management team. This change in management enable the brand to have a new vision and new ideas such as expanding the range of products for children, sales of smaller products (wallets, sunglasses†¦), spreading business on the web, expanding its strategies and opening new stores in mid-size cities where the brand is not well-know.

Development of Soil Nutrient Sensors

Development of Soil Nutrient Sensors The rising demand for food crops and the growing concern for environment have made it necessary to shift from traditional agricultural practices towards modern agricultural practices. Traditional agricultural practices are labor intensive, time consuming, expensive and also a cause of environment pollution. To achieve sustainable agriculture, it is necessary that the precision agriculture technologies and practices are integrated with the traditional practices, which will also help to deal with the spatial heterogeneity of the soil [1]. The biggest hurdle in the proper implementation of precision agriculture is the inability to generate information related to a particular site rapidly and at an acceptable cost using laboratory analysis and soil sampling methods. The nutrients required for the healthy growth of a crop are obtained from the soil. The quality of crop yield depends on the quality of soil in which it grows. Therefore, soil testing is an important aspect of precision agriculture. The proposed research work is an effort towards the design and development of a soil monitoring system that can be used to estimate the urea content in soil. The system makes use of Partial Least Squares Regression Technique (PLSR) for the estimation of urea. The system can be made portable, smart, low cost and user friendly through the use of embedded systems. With some modifications the system can be designed to estimate more than one soil component. The thesis is organized in the following chapters as described below. Chapter I (Introduction) â€Å"Agriculture not only gives riches to a nation, but the only riches she can call her own†[2]. The growth in the demand for food, feed and fiber globally is anticipated to grow by 70 percent. The demand for crops for industrial use and in the production of bio-energy is also expected to rise simultaneously. The increasing demand for agricultural goods will put huge pressure on the limited resources available. The increase in urban settlement areas will force agriculture to compete for land and water. Agriculture will therefore have to adapt itself to newer conditions and at the same time will have to address issues related to climate change, maintenance of biodiversity and preservation of natural habitats [3]. To meet these demands, farmers therefore need to equip themselves with new technologies so as to increase productivity with limited number of resources. Sustainable resource management is the need of the hour. Conservation of soil quality is crucial to sustainability in agriculture. This has led to a shift from the use of traditional agricultural practices to modern agricultural practices so that the available resources are utilized in a sustainable manner. The modern technique of farming known as precision farming is based on the concept of site specific crop management. This method takes into consideration variability exhibited by the soil and accordingly inputs are applied based on the local requirements within a field. Soil sensing plays an important role in precision farming. Large numbers of soil sensors are being developed all around the world to measure different soil properties. Some of which are still in the research and development stage and some of which are commercially available. Based on their principle of working these soil sensors can be classified as follows: Electrical and Electromagnetic sensors: Depending on the composition of soil under test, electrical capacitance or inductance, resistivity or conductivity of the soil is measured. The response time of these sensors is very fast, they have high durability and are of low cost. These sensors are commercially available. Optical and Radiometric sensors: These sensors, through the use of electromagnetic waves, measure the level of energy that is either absorbed or reflected by the soil particles depending on the soil composition. The properties of the soil are measured using visible and near-infrared wavelengths [4]. They can be used for the estimation of CEC, soil texture, moisture and other soil parameters with the help of appropriate data analysis techniques. Mechanical sensors: these sensors measure soil resistance with the help of a tool used in the soil. The measure of resistance offered by the soil has a relation with the compaction of the soil which is a spatially varying property of soil. Acoustic sensors and Pneumatic sensors: Though these are a class of mechanical sensors, they can be used as an alternative means for the differentiation of physical and mechanical characteristics of soil. Measurements taken using pneumatic and acoustic sensor have been used to correlate soil texture and compaction. The application of acoustic sensors in characterizing the physical state of soil is not very clear and requires more research work. Electrochemical sensors: These sensors produce an output voltage through the use of ion selective membranes, depending on the activity of ions under study such as H+, K+, NO3 −, Na+, etc. Soil pH sensors using this technique are already commercially available. The extraction of ions such as potassium in real time is still not possible even though the concept appears to be simple. There is a need to develop fast, real time and portable soil sensors which can generate soil report instantly. Thus, the problem of designing and developing a smart soil monitoring system was formulated using a reconfigurable embedded system platform. Chapter II (Literature Survey and Objectives) The conventional laboratory methods of soil testing have a number of limitations such as they are expensive, labor intensive and time consuming. As such new methods of soil testing are being developed across the globe. A number of soil nutrient sensing techniques are in the stage of development and testing. These sensors can be broadly classified into two types depending on the techniques of measurement being used. 1. Optical sensing uses reflectance spectroscopy technique wherein the light that is absorbed/reflected by soil particles is measured. Since optical sensing techniques have the advantage of being non-destructive they are more widely used as compared to electrochemical sensing techniques [5], [6]. Soil color analysis can be used for estimating soil organic matter content through the use of optical sensors [7]. The visual and near-infrared spectral reflectance in optical sensing can be used for estimating soil texture, moisture, CEC etc. [8]. 2. Electrochemical sensing is based on the measurement of current or voltage generated between the sensing electrode and the reference electrode. The amount of voltage or current measured is related to the concentration of the selected ions such as H+, K+, NO3-, etc. [8]. Ion selective electrodes made of glass or polymer membrane, or ion-selective field effect transistors are used for the measurement of soil fertility. Ion-selective membrane sensors have a huge potential in the development of on-the-go soil nutrient(s) and pH sensors [9]. Currently, the accuracy of the results using these sensors is low as compared to those using laboratory tests, but this can be taken care of by increasing the sampling density. Use of Spectroscopic techniques in the estimation of soil properties has been demonstrated since 1970’s [10]. Various methods using spectral analysis have been proposed for the measurement of the soil properties. Methods that are based on the physical and analytical characteristics of the signal and chemometric based empirical methods provide good effective predictability. Therefore, the relation between soil properties and soil absorption can be used to develop regressions using field and laboratory data for calibration. Spectroscopic techniques are found to be faster, can provide real time measurements and are of low cost, as compared to conventional methods and hence are found to be more suitable when there are more samples and analysis to be done. Also, unlike laboratory testing methods which require sample pre-processing and the use of chemical extractants, spectroscopic techniques can be used directly, thus saving on cost and time [11]. Thus, the problem of developing a soil nutrient sensor using RF spectroscopy based on the dielectric principle was formulated. The thesis emphasizes on the design and development of the sensor and the use of embedded platform to make it portable, real time and user friendly system through the use of DSP algorithms. Objectives: In order to meet the global requirements of increased crop productivity and sustainable agriculture, there is an urgent need of developing soil sensors which are fast, accurate and portable. Also, the problem was formulated keeping in mind the conditions of Indian farmers. Indian farmers are mainly small farmers who are poor, technically unfit and cannot afford modern tools. This research work is being undertaken with the main objective of developing a fast, portable, cost effective and user friendly soil monitoring system to analyze the fertility status of the soil. The objectives of the research work are the design of a dielectric cell to measure absorption loss at RF frequencies for various soil nutrients and to use this RF data to develop a FPGA based smart soil monitoring system for accurate prediction of soil content using PLSR technique. The system shall be user friendly as well as reprogrammable for changed environmental conditions. Chapter III (System Design for Soil Monitoring System) The block diagram of proposed design for Soil Monitoring System is as shown in Figure 1. The design consists of RF data obtained from Scalar Network Analyzer fed as input to Altera DE2 board with target as NIOS II FPGA. The RF data is obtained from the soil sensor connected between a tracking generator and a spectrum analyzer. A soil sensor based on the dielectric loss technique is designed and constructed to measure the RF responses of various soil nutrients. The cell is rectangular in shape with outer dimensions 13cmx2cmx2.5cm and is made up of PMMA sheets. The inside surface of the cell is lined with gold foil and the same is connected to the outer shield of the feed connectors so as to provide the necessary shielding effect. The outer surface of the cell is covered with a copper foil and is also provided with the necessary shielding effect. A wire made of gold is connected from the input feed connectors to the output feed connector at centre of the cell. The RF spectrum of a sample is measured by placing it in the cell. A tracking generator is used for injecting an RF signal into the sample through the central gold wire. Thus, a dielectric cell consisting of the central wire, the outer copper shield and the sample is formed. The signal strength starts reducing as it propagates through the central wire from the input end to the output end of the cell, due to the dielectric loss associated with the sample solution. Thus, an output signal proportional to the absorption loss of the sample solution is captured by the RF spectrum analyzer connected at the receiver end of the cell. Signal Hound USB-TG44A tracking generator and Signal Hound USB-SA44B spectrum analyzer are used with both the instruments working in the frequency range of 1Hz-4.4GHz. Figure 1: Block diagram of the Soil Monitoring System Figure 2 shows the RF spectra for urea in the range 10MHz to 4.4GHz. Figure 2: RF Spectra of urea. Figure 3: Section of urea spectra with varying concentrations Samples for obtaining the RF responses of various soil components are prepared by dissolving the required component in distilled water. The amount of the component to be added to water was calculated from the data obtained from agricultural department. This amount was taken as the normal concentration of a particular component found in the soil. Samples of varying concentrations of the soil components are prepared and denoted as 1 for normal, 0.5 for half the normal, 2 for twice and 3 for thrice. The soil components considered for the study are urea, potash, phosphate, calcium carbonate and sodium chloride. The frequency range of 10 MHz-4.4GHz is divided into smaller frequency ranges based on the unique frquencies at which the variation in the attenuation is found as per the change in the concentration of the soil component. A set of recorded spectra for various combinations of the five soil components with concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 are used in the calibration file. In order to predict the unknown concentration of urea in a sample, the detected spectra containing the urea signature along with the other components is passed through signal conditioning stage. The output from Spectrum Analyzer is stored in the computer. This data is then fed to a CYCLONE II device with Altera Nios II processor running on it. The recorded spectra are then passed through SIMPLS algorithm running on NIOS II processor. The algorithm predicts the concentration of unknown sample (Urea) and displays the result on LCD or a computer screen. The SNR of the detected spectra must be sufficiently high so a s to provide reliable urea specific information and therefore data processing is needed to identify spectral features of urea from the combination spectra originating from interfering matrix components like potash, phosphate, sodium chloride and calcium carbonate. We can extend the use of this system for the analysis of other soil components by modifying the processing algorithms required to analyze that component without changing the hardware. Chapter IV (Multivariate Data Analysis) It is a statistical analysis technique used in the case of data consisting of multiple variables. Due to the advancements in the field of information technology there is a huge amount of data being generated in various fields. Though the magnitude of data available is huge, it is still a challenge to derive useful information and knowledge from this data. Multivariate Analysis can be used to derive meaningful information for the improvement of process performance and product quality. Over the last decade, multivariate analysis is being successfully used to monitor and model chemical/biological processes [12]. Techniques using multivariate data analysis are widely used in the analysis of spectral data both quantitatively and qualitatively. Quick analysis of complex samples from their spectral signatures can be done using standard tools like Partial Least Squares (PLS), Principal Component Regression (PCR), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) and discriminant analysis based on chemometric techniques [13]. Partial least squares (PLS) isone of the recent multivariate data analysis technique particularly useful in situations where there is a large set of independent variables (i.e., predictors). A set of dependent variables can be predicted from this set of independent variables by using PLS. Partial Least Squares (PLS) can be an effective tool for the analysis of data as it has minimum constraints on scales of measurement, size of sample, and residual distributions. It consists of methods for regression and classification, and techniques for reducing dimens ion and tools for modeling. The basic assumption on which the PLS methods work is that a small number of latent variables that are not directly observed or measured are used to drive the observed data from a process or a system. The technique of PLS for projecting the observed data to its latent structure was developed by Herman Wold and coworkers. PLS is now being used as a standard tool in the analysis of a wide spectrum of chemical data problems in chemometrics. The successful data analysis of PLS in chemometrics has led to its increase use in other scientific fields such as bioinformatics, food research, medicine, pharmacology, social sciences, physiology etc. PLS is a multivariate technique that transforms the input-output data onto a smaller latent space, by extracting a small number of principal factors having an orthogonal structure. The extraction of the factors is done in such a way that it provides maximum correlation with the dependent variable [14]. To model linear relations between multivariate measurements, PLS is used as a standard tool. Multivariate Calibration Model for Soil Monitoring System: Multivariate spectroscopic data can be analyzed using the PLSR model. PLSR is one of the techniques of multiple linear regressions and is probably the least restrictive of the various multivariate techniques used in multiple linear regression models. This feature of PLSR makes it possible to be used in situations when there are limitations on the use of other multivariate methods, for example, when the predictor variables are many as compared to number of observations.PLSR can be used as an elementary analysis tool for the selection of suitable predictor variables and in the identification of outliers. PLSR model based on SIMPLS algorithm using C language is developed and ported on NIOS II platform to estimate the urea concentration. The PLSR model is validated for the following cases: Case 1: Changing urea concentrations from below normal to above normal i.e. from 0.5 to 2 and keeping other components at their normal concentration value i.e. 1. Case 2: Changing the concentration of each of the other soil component from 0.5 to 2 and keeping urea constant in all the cases. Chapter V (Design of FPGA Soft Cores for Soil Monitoring System) DSP functions can be implemented using two different types of programming platforms: digital signal processors (DSP) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Digital signal processors are microprocessors specifically designed for handling DSP tasks, while FPGAs are reconfigurable signal processors. The factors that make FPGAs more suitable, particularly for high performance computing applications are: (i) Huge potential for implementation of parallelism (ii) The control logic is embedded (iii) On-board memory in FPGA helps to overcome the limitation set by number of I/O pins on processor logics memory access bandwidth and hence results into significant performance benefits (iv) A higher capacity FPGA can be used on the same board as an older device, to support performance upgrades. DSP Implementation on Embedded system The implementation of DSP algorithms is done on Altera platform. A Nios II system is designed to measure the concentration of urea in soil. The Nios II system is the heart of the instrument which controls the various modules of the system like interacting with 12 bit ADC and performing the SIMPLS algorithms on the spectral data to estimate the concentration of urea. The whole interface and algorithms are implemented using 32-bit NIOS II soft-core ported on CYCLONE II FPGA. Chapter VI (Analysis, Results and Conclusion) The thesis covers the design and development of soil sensor based on the dielectric technique. The technique proposed the use of RF signals in the range of 10MHz-4.4GHz and analyzing the detected spectra in the soil sample for urea signature. In this thesis a novel Soil Monitoring System is developed using RF spectroscopy based on embedded technology. An Altera DE2 board based on NIOS II soft-core platform and having target as CYCLONE II (EP2C6) is used to estimate the urea content in soil in the RF range of 10MHz-4.4GHz. SIMPLS algorithm for PLSR model is developed using C language and embedded on the NIOS II platform for the estimation of urea concentration. The designed sensor was tested for its precision by recording the spectra of a particular component over a number of times. The PLSR model was validated by calculating percentage error under various conditions. It was found that the predicted urea values showed percentage error which was within the acceptable levels required fo r device development.